Wikipedia

Alexander Crombie (surgeon)

Alexander Crombie CB (2 desaambar 1845 – 29 suwee 1906) ko cafroowo Ecoppinaajo, naati e sarwiis safaara leydi Indiya, o wonti cafroowo jooɗiiɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara Calcutta, to leydi Indiya, ɗo o wonti porfeseer materia medica.

Alexander Crombie CB (2 desaambar 1845 – 29 suwee 1906) ko cafroowo Ecoppinaajo, naati e sarwiis safaara leydi Indiya, o wonti cafroowo jooɗiiɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde safaara Calcutta, to leydi Indiya, ɗo o wonti porfeseer materia medica.
Alexander Crombie (surgeon)
ɓii aadama
Jinsugorko Taƴto
Ɓii-leydiyankaakuUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Taƴto
InndeAlexander Taƴto
Innde ɓesnguCrombie Taƴto
Ɗuubi daygo2 Bowte 1845 Taƴto
ƊofordeCrail Taƴto
Date of death29 Siilto 1906 Taƴto
Place of deathLondon Taƴto
Manner of deathnatural causes Taƴto
Cause of deathSa'ɓere Taƴto
Sana'ajisurgeon Taƴto
Janngi toUniversity of Edinburgh, Madras College Taƴto

O golliima e cirridiiɗo siwil to Dacca hade makko wonde cirridiiɗo siwil jokkondirɗo to Simla, caggal ɗuum o naati e Diisnondiral Cafrirɗe to Biro Indiya, e oon sahaa kadi o golliima e Diɗɗal Cafrirɗe to Biro Konu. To Calcutta, o fuɗɗii huutoraade morfin hipodermik ngam weeɓtinde huutoraade anestetik kuloroform, ko ɗum woni daartol gadanol binndaangol ko fayti e safaara.

Nde o arti Angalteer o toɗɗaa jannginoowo e ñawuuji ɓuuɓɗi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Middlesex e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres. E hitaande 1904 o limtaa e tergal e fedde safrooɓe teddunde to opitaal laamɗo Edward VII ngam ofiseeji.

Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol Alexandre Crombie jibinaa ko ñalnde 2 lewru Duujal hitaande 1845 to Fifeshire, to leydi Ecoppi.[1] O naati duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde St. Andrews, caggal ɗuum o janngi safaara to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Edinburgh, ɗo o heɓi e hitaande 1867 seedantaagal M.B. e teddungal (kañum e Licentiate to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde laamɗo to Edinburgh), o heɓi doktoraa e hitaande 1870.[2] E lewru marse 1871, nde naatgol makko e nder sarwiis safaara leydi Indiya (IMS) udditaa ko juuti, o dañi naatgol e nder sarwiis safaara konu (AMS)[2] tuggi 1 abriil, o ari e jappeere adannde e ƴeewndorɗe AMS.[2] E lewru desaambar 1872, o woppi golle AMS e udditgol IMS, o arti kadi e jappeere adannde e jaŋdeeji potɗi waɗeede.[3] In March 1871, with admission into the Indian Medical Service (IMS) temporarily closed, he gained entry to the Army Medical Service (AMS)[3] effective 1 April, coming first place in the AMS examinations.[4] In December 1872, he resigned from the AMS at the reopening of the IMS, and once again came first place in the necessary examinations.[3]

Kugal Crombie yotti leydi Indiya e lewru juko hitaande 1872, o toɗɗaa surgeon jooɗiiɗo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Calcutta (CMC) hitaande rewtunde ndee.[5] At the CMC he became professor of materia medica in 1874 and wrote for The Indian Medical Gazette.[5] In February 1875, he was appointed junior civil surgeon at Rangoon, where he was also its port health officer, a position he held until April of 1877.[5] To CMC o wonti porfeseer materia medica e hitaande 1874, o winndi e jaaynde safaara leydi Indiya. E lewru feebariyee 1875, o toɗɗaa surgeon civil junior to Rangoon, ɗo o woni kadi gardiiɗo cellal porto mum, oon sahaa o woni haa e lewru abriil 1877.[6] In From April 1880 into 1881, he was joint civil surgeon at Simla, where he reported an outbreak of "Hill diarrhoea".[6]Caggal ɗuum, o golliima to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Dacca, o waɗtaa e gardagol nokku ɗo ɓe ngoni e hakkillaaji e opitaal wonande yimɓe nokku oo. E hitaande Tuggi lewru abriil 1880 haa 1881, o woniino cirridiiɗo siwil gooto to Simla, ɗo o habri ñawu "Hill diarrhoea".[7] O artirta e golle makko ɓooyɗe to Dacca caggal ɗuum, o woni ɗoon haa hitaande 1888, ndeen o artiraa Calcutta.

Ko o surgeon-superintendent to opitaal mawɗo hooreejo leydi, to Calcutta, ko kanko adii huutoraade morfiin e sirinji ngam weeɓtinde njuɓɓudi anestetik kuloroform, ko ɗum woni ko adii binnditagol ko fayti e safaara.[8]<ref name="Divekar2001"> O wonti sehil e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Calcutta, kadi o woni tergal e caggal ɗuum hooreejo fedde safaara Calcutta.[2] Konngol makko hooreejo leydi e hitaande 1894, to batu safaara leydi Indiya to Calcutta, o haali ko faati e renndinde ñawuuji[7] ɗi o jokkondiri e gure teeŋtuɗe e nder leydi Indiya ko wayi no ñawu Calcutta e ñawu Bombay. O siftinii kadi ñawu tifoyid, ñawu nguu ngu alaa malaria e ñawu nguu ina jokki e hoyre mum.</ref> He became a fellow of Calcutta University, and a member and later president of the Calcutta Medical Society.[9] O woppi golle e nder golle safaara leydi Indiya e hitaande 1898, o woni surgeon brigade e darnde makko fotde lietnaa kolonel.

E hitaande 1900, duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal nde o woppi golle, o naati e fedde safaara to biro leydi Indiya e nder duuɓi tati ɗi o wondi e maɓɓe kadi o golliima e fedde safaara to biro konu. Nde o arti Angalteer, o toɗɗaa jannginoowo ñawuuji ɓuuɓɗi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Middlesex e nder duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Londres.

Njeenaaje e teddungal Crombie rokkaama tergal fedde St. John de Jerusalem[laɓɓingol ina haani] e nder nguurndam makko, kadi o waɗtaa kadi sehil Bath (division civil) e hitaande 1902. E hitaande 1904, o winnditaa e tergal e nder fedde safrooɓe teddunde to suudu safrirdu laamɗo Edward VII ngam ofiseeji.

Neɗɗo e ɓesngu Crombie resii ɓiy William Bell, gardiiɗo opitaaluuji. Ɓe ndañi ɓiɗɗo gorko gooto e ɓiɓɓe rewɓe ɗiɗo.[10]

Wade Crombie maayi ko ñalnde 29 suwee 1906 caggal rafi kanseer mo o heɓi e ɓalndu makko.

Binndanɗe cuɓaaɗe Korombi, A. (2 noowammbar 1874). "Lectures dow ƴiiƴam-ɓernde". Jaaynde safaara leydi Indiya. 9 (11): 281-283. ISSN 0019-5863. PMC 5128246. PMID 28995080. Korombi, A. (1 ut 1882). "Kuutoragol Morfiya e Kuloroform". Jaaynde safaara leydi Indiya. 17 (8): 223. Ɓoornugol 0019-5863. PMC 5152022. PMID 28998955. Korombi, A. (lewru mee 1892). "Safaara ñawu nguu". Jaaynde safaara leydi Indiya. 27 (5): 129-132. ISSN 0019-5863. PMC 5136780. PMID 28999901. Tuugnorgal 

Lancet oo. Feccere 2. Vol. 2. J. Ko waɗi. 13 oktoobar 1906. p. 1035.
"Aleksandar Krombi, M.D., C.B." Jaaynde safaara Angalteer. 2 (2390): 1069-1070. 20 oktoobar 1906. ISSN 0007-1447. PMC 2382534. PMID 2382534.
“Crombie, Lietnaa-Kolonel Alexander, (1845-29 Seeɗto 1906), sehil jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Calcutta.” Mo woni Mo & Mo Wonno Mo. 2007. Doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U185086. ISBN 978-0-19-954089-1. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 12 Abriil 2021.
Gracey, Mikael (1991). Caarol. Jaaynde CRC. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-8493-8819-4.
Divekar, Va
  1. ↑ "Alexander Crombie, M.D., C.B." British Medical Journal. 2 (2390): 1069–1070. 20 October 1906. ISSN 0007-1447. PMC 2382534. PMID 2382534.
  2. ↑ Template:Cite encyclopedia
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Crombie19062
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named lancet
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Crombie19063
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Crombie19064
  7. ↑ Gracey, Michael (1991). Diarrhea. CRC Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-8493-8819-4.
  8. ↑ Divekar, Vasumathi M. (2018). "2. Anaesthesia equipment in India - A historical perspective". In Baheti, Dwarkadas K.; Laheri, Vandana V. (eds.). Understanding Anesthetic Equipment & Procedures: A Practical Approach (in English) (2nd ed.). New Delhi: JP Medical Ltd. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-93-5270-316-6.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Crombie19065
  10. ↑ Ramanna, Mridula (2002). Western Medicine and Public Health in Colonial Bombay, 1845–1895 (in Engeleere). Orient Blackswan. pp. 145–146. ISBN 978-81-250-2302-9.
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