Asmaʾu bint Shehu Usman dan Fodiyo

Nana Asmaʾu (inndeⓘⓘ; innde mum timmunde: Asmaʾu bint Shehu Usman dan Fodiyo inndeⓘⓘ, Arab: نانا أسماء بنت عثمان فودي; 1793–1864) ko laamɗo Fula, yimoowo, jannginoowo, kadi ko ɓiɗɗo debbo sosɗo Caphali, Usmaan e Foodiyo.[1] O woni ko e wonde neɗɗo tedduɗo e nder worgo leydi Najeriya. Won heen ina njogii mo yeru jaŋde e jeytaare rewɓe ina waawi wonde e les Lislaam, won heen kadi ko o ardiiɗo feminism hannde e nder Afrik.

Nguurndam

Nana Asmaʾu jibinaa ko hitaande 1793, o inniri ɗum Asmā bint Abi Bakr, sahaba Muhammadu.[2] E nder cukaagu makko o wuuri ko e wolde Fulɓe (1804–08), kampaañ jihaadi mo sosi Kalifa Sokoto doole, laamu Lislaam.[3] Ɓiɗɗo debbo sosɗo kalifaandi biyeteeɗo Usmaan dan Fodio (1754-1817) e miñiiko debbo Sultan mum ɗiɗaɓo, Muhammed Bello (maayɗo 1837), o wuuri ko ɓuri heewde e yontaaji sosɗi Kalifaandi ndii, kadi ko kanko woni ƴoogirde teeŋtunde e ardaade caggal mum laamɓe. Tuggude e hitaande 1805, terɗe galle Kaliifa ngari e darnde mawnde, haa arti noon e banndiraaɓe Kaliifa rewɓe. Nde Nana Asmaʾu wonti ɓurɗo maantinde, miñiraaɓe makko rewɓe Maryam e Fatima, e rewɓe Kaliifa Aisha e Hawwaʾu, mbaɗii geɗe mawɗe e nder binndol e politik e nder dowla keso oo.[4]

Hono baaba mum, Nana Asmaʾu janngi ko tafsir (jannde Qur’aana), o waɗti nafoore mawnde e jaŋde winndereere. Ko ɓe yeruuji suufiyaŋkooɓe Qadiriyya, dan Fodio e almuɓɓe mum teeŋtinii renndinde gannde, haa teeŋti e gannde sunna, yeru Muhammadu.[5] Janngude tawa jannginaani, ɓe cikkatnoo ko steril, ko meere. Nii woni Nana Asmaʾu ina tiiɗnoo, haa teeŋti noon e jaŋde rewɓe.[1] Hono no ko ɓuri heewde e galle makko, o wonti binndoowo keewɗo.

Winndiyanke e wasiya

Binndi golle Nana Asmaʾu.[6]

Jannguɗo no feewi e ɗemɗe aarabeeɓe e aduna ɓooyɗo, kadi omo anndi ɗemɗe nay, aarabeere, fula, hausa e tamacheq tuareg.[7] Nana Asmaʾu ina joginoo innde e nder renndo, ko kanko woni ganndo mawɗo e nder leydi juulɓe ɓurndi heewde doole e nder Afrik hirnaange, ɗum addani mo fartaŋŋe winnditaade no feewi.[8] O seediima hareeji keewɗi e wolde Fulɓe, o winndi ko fayti e ko o dañi e nder deftere wiyeteende Wakar Gewaye, "Jimol njillu".[9]

No kalifaandi Sokoto fuɗɗorii wonde dillere pinal e diine nii, binndanɗe ardiiɓe mum ina njogii nokku keeriiɗo mo yontaaji garooji ɗii, laamɓe e laamɓe fof mbaawi fooɗtude renndo mum en. O wonti wasiyaajo miñiiko nde o ƴetti kalifaandi, o winndi kadi jamirooje binndol e guwerneeruuji, omo yeewtida e annduɓe laamɓe jananɓe.[10]

Yimoowo

E nder defte makko ko ɓuri 60 ɗe o winndi e nder duuɓi 40, Nana Asmaʾu acci ko jimɗi keewɗi e ɗemngal Arab, ɗemngal Fula, e ɗemngal Hausa, kam en fof mbinndaa ko e binndol Arab.[4] Ko heewi e ɗeen ko daartol, kono ina waɗi kadi elegiiji, woyde, e wasiyaaji. Yimre makko ardorde ndee wonti kuutorɗe jannginde doosɗe sosɗe Kalifaandi.[9] Asmaʾu kadi ina gollondira e Muhammed Bello, Kaliifa ɗiɗaɓo.[citation needed] Golle makko ina njeyaa e ko ɓuri teeŋtude e dan Fodio teeŋtinoowo ardiiɓe rewɓe e hakkeeji rewɓe e nder miijooji renndo sunna e sariya lislaam.[11]

Jaŋde rewɓe

Binndanɗe Asmaʾu keddiiɗe ɗee ina njokkondiri e jaŋde Lislaam. Ko ɓuri heewde e nguurndam makko mawɗo, ko kanko woni kalfinaaɗo jaŋde diine rewɓe. Puɗɗagol hedde hitaande 1830, o sosi fedde jannginooɓe rewɓe wiyeteende jajiss, yahooɓe e nder Kalifaandi ndii fof ina njanngina rewɓe e nder galleeji almudɓe.[12] E nder ɗuum, kala e ɓeeɗoo jajiiji ina kuutoroo binndi Nana Asmaʾu e annduɓe suufiyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko rewrude e mnemonics e jimɗi, ngam jannginde gese rewɓe jannguɓe ɓe mbiyata ƴan-taru, walla "ɓe kawrata, banndiraaɓe."[13]. ] Kala jaji o rokki malfa, hattan e maande kewu aadaaji golle almudɓe rewɓe animist en Hausa to Gobir, haɓɓaande e wuttulo boɗeejo. Jajis en ngonti noon maandeeji dowla keso, njuɓɓudi kesiri, e jaŋde lislaam hay so tawii ko e nder renndooji rewɓe.[14]

E nder heen, ndee eɓɓoore jaŋde fuɗɗorii ko no feere ngam naatde e juulɓe nanngaaɓe hesɗinaaɓe heɓtinaaɓe. Nde yaaji, kono, nde artiri miskineeɓe e laddeeji, jannginooɓe jannginooɓe yahooɓe e nder Kalifaandi ɓuuɓndi ndii.[15]

Lefol jamaanu

Jokkugol Nana Asmaʾu ngol, wonaa tan e golle makko binndol, kono kadi e darnde makko e siftinde nafooje dowla Sokoto. Hannde to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya, pelle rewɓe lislaam, duɗe, e cuuɗi batuuji ina keewi innireede mo. O naati kadi e jeewte dow darnde rewɓe nder lislaam nder teeminannde 20ɓiire, nde tawnoo ko annduɓe lislaam e eggooɓe haa Orop e jeewte janngirɗe mum.[16]

Muulngo e firo golle makko ɓeydii hakkillaaji e nafoore binndol laaɓtunde e nder binndanɗe makko e jimɗi makko. Ko kanko woni toɓɓere jaŋdeeji keewɗi, inc

Janngugol jokkungol Chukwuma Azuonye, ​​"Rewɓe walla rewɓe tan? Miijooji e golle Nana Asmā'u, debbo Afrik hirnaange jimoowo, hakkille, e golloowo renndo", Meridians, Vol. 6, Nokku 2, Rewɓe, Tagngo, e luural (2006), pp. 54–77. Jean Boyd, Debbo Kaliifa: Nana Asma’u 1793-1865: Jannginoowo, yimoowo, e Ardiiɗo Lislaam. London: Frank Kaas & Co, 1989, ISBN 0-7146-4067-0. Jean Boyd. "Jaŋde to woɗɗi e Purdah e nder teeminannde sappo e jeenay to Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya: Golle Asma'u Fodiyo". Jaaynde ganndal pinal Afrik, Vol. 14, No. 1, Yimre diine lislaam e nder Afrik (Juin 2001), pp. 7–22. Jean Boyd, «Afrik hirnaange», e nder Suad Yuusuf, Afsaneh Najmabadi (eds), Ansiklopedi rewɓe e pine lislaam, New York: Brill Publishers, 2003, pp. ISBN 90-04-12818-2. Jean Boyd e Beverly B. Mack (winnduɓe), Kuuɗe mooftaaɗe ɗe Nana Asma’u, ɓiɗɗo debbo Usman dan Fodiyo 1793-1864, Fuɗnaange Lansing, Michigan: Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Michigan, 1997. Jean Boyd e Beverly B. Mack, Jannginde rewɓe juulɓe: ndonu Afrik hirnaange Nana Asma’u, 1793-1864, bayyinaango Kube, bayyinaango hakkunde, 2013. ISBN 978-1847740441. Jean Boyd e Murray Cakkitiiɗo. "Darnde rewɓe e nder 'Agents Religieux' e nder Sokoto", Jaaynde Kanadaa ngam wiɗtooji Afrik/Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines, Vol. 19, limngal 2 (1985), hello 283-300. Beverly B. Mack e Jean Boyd, Jihaadi debbo gooto: Nana Asma’u, ganndo e binndoowo, Bloomington, Indiana: Jaaynde jaaɓi haaɗtirde Indiana, hitaande 2000. ISBN 978-0253213983. Margaret Hauwa Kassam. "Yoga e fannuuji daande rewɓe ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya", Ɗemɗe e Pinal Afrik, Vol. 9, No. 2, Jinnaaɗo e pinal yimɓe (1996), pp. 111-25. Aisha R. Masterton, Jihaadi debbo gooto: Nana Asma’u, ganndo e binndoowo – ƴeewndo deftere. Naalankaagal Afrik, ndunngu 2001. Katja Werthmann, "Yeru Nana Asma'u", D+C: Ƴellitaare e gollondiral, InWEnt gGmbH, No.03, 2005. Muhammadu Jameel Yusha'u, "Aada Nana Asma'u: Dillere hakkilantaagal e maande hakkeeji rewɓe e nder Lislaam e nder teeminannde 19ɓiire DanFodio ngam waylude lislaam". Departemaa jokkondiral hakkunde yimɓe, to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Bayero, to Kano. Ɗerewol ngol hollitaama e batu Jihaad Sokoto yuɓɓinaaɗo e nokku janngugol pinal Hausa, Kano, to defterdu Murtala Muhammad, ñalnde 7–8 lewru juko hitaande 2004. Tuugnorgal

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"Nana Asma'u e mouvement 'yan taru'". Hoolaare ñalnde kala. 3 lewru Juko 2017. Ƴeewtaa ko 23 lewru Mbooy 2022.
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"Rewɓe juulɓe 12 ɓe ngonaa ƴoƴɓe jamaanu ɓe kaawniiɗe e ɓe cemmbina on". Catal miijo. 9 suwee 2016. Ƴeewtaa ko 26 mee 2020.
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Waziri Tambuwal, Aminu (23 Août 2016). "Moderaasiyoŋ diine Sokoto ko jannde alɗunde e aduna mo caɗeele". Waktuuji ɓurɗi moƴƴude | Nummol. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 23 lewru Mbooy 2022.
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Maruf, Olakunle (15 octobre 2019). "Tambuwal hokki leydi ngam jangirde mawnde Nana Asma'u haa Sokoto". Jaaynde Naajeeriya.