Dorothy Wright Liebes
Dorothy Wright Liebes (14 Oktoobar 1897 – 20 Suwee 1972) ko Ameriknaajo diisneteeɗo e mbaylaandi, ganndiraaɗo mbaydiiji kesi, diisnondirɗi e mbaydiiji kesi ngam mahooɓe e diisnondirooɓe nder galleeji.[1] O anndiranoo ko "yumma njuɓɓudi jamaanu".[2]
Jinsu | debbum |
---|---|
Ɓii-leydiyankaaku | Dowlaaji Dentuɗi |
Innde | Dorothy |
Innde ɓesngu | Liebes |
Ɗuubi daygo | 14 Yarkomaa 1897 |
Ɗoforde | Santa Rosa |
Date of death | 20 Siilto 1972 |
Place of death | 𞤚𞤵𞤬𞤵𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤐𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤪𞤳 |
Sana'aji | textile designer, interior designer, weaver, designer |
Employer | Riverdale Drapery Fabrics |
Award received | Neiman Marcus Fashion Award, Gold Medal for Consummate Craftsmanship |
Has works in the collection | Minneapolis Institute of Art, Museum of Modern Art |
Copyright status as a creator | works protected by copyrights |
Nguurndam adanɗam
taƴtoDorothy Wright jibinaa ko ñalnde 14 oktoobar 1897 to Santa Rosa, Kaliforni, o woni ɓiy Frederick L. Wright, jannginoowo kemikal, e Bessie Calderwood Wright, jannginoowo.[3] Nde o janngata ganndal anthropologie, naalankaagal, e jannginde to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde jannginooɓe to San Jose (jooni ko duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde San Jose State) e to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde California, to Berkeley, o woniino janngoowo Anne Swainson, o wasiyii jarribaade diisnondiral mbaylaandi.[3] O soodi loomre portaabe tokosere, o janngini hoore makko no njuumri.[1]
E hitaande 1928, o resi Leon Liebes, jom njulaagu. Ɓe ceerti ko e hitaande 1940, hay so tawii Dorothy Liebes ina jokki e innde mum to bannge golle. E hitaande 1948 o resi jaayndiyanke keɓɗo njeenaari Pulitzer, biyeteeɗo Relman Morin.
Kugal
taƴtoJinsu | debbum |
---|---|
Ɓii-leydiyankaaku | Dowlaaji Dentuɗi |
Innde | Dorothy |
Innde ɓesngu | Liebes |
Ɗuubi daygo | 14 Yarkomaa 1897 |
Ɗoforde | Santa Rosa |
Date of death | 20 Siilto 1972 |
Place of death | 𞤚𞤵𞤬𞤵𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤐𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤪𞤳 |
Sana'aji | textile designer, interior designer, weaver, designer |
Employer | Riverdale Drapery Fabrics |
Award received | Neiman Marcus Fashion Award, Gold Medal for Consummate Craftsmanship |
Has works in the collection | Minneapolis Institute of Art, Museum of Modern Art |
Copyright status as a creator | works protected by copyrights |
1934 Koɗorɗe Gilbert Rohde ɓuuɓnaaɗe e mbaydi Liebes
Caggal duuɓi keewɗi e nder duɗal, Liebes felliti wonde diisneteeɗo e mbaydiiji, o janngi mbaydi mbaylaandi to Hull House, to Chicago, o waɗi kadi yah-ngartaa janngude to Farayse, Itali, Guatemala, e Meksik ngam janngude mbaydiiji mbaylaandi gaadanteeji.[3] Caggal nde o golli caggal leydi, Liebes arti to Amerik, o udditi suudu makko e innde mum to San Francisco.[4] Suudu makko gadano, udditaama to 526 Powell Street to San Francisco e hitaande 1930, ko o keeriiɗo e geɗe juuɗe ngam mahooɓe e diisnondirooɓe nder.[5] E hitaande 1935, Liebes hawri e mahoowo Frank Lloyd Wright to Taliesin to Spring Green, Wiskonsin. Wright ina joginoo semmbe e filosofi mum diisnondiral.[5] Dorothy Liebes Design, Inc. udditaama e hitaande 1937, hay so tawii gorko mum ina salii, to San Fransisko.[6] E hitaande 1938 o dañii worɓe e rewɓe sappo e jeeɗiɗo gollotooɓe e nder suudu makko.[6] E hitaande 1942, Liebes ummini suudu mum to San Fransisko to 545 laawol Sutter.[5] Caggal nde o naamndii, o udditi suudu ɗiɗaɓuru to New York.[3] O ummiima e wuro New York e hitaande 1948.[1][7]
Ɗemɗe makko ina nganndiraa e mbaydiiji mum en cemmbinɗi e mbaydiiji mum en belɗi, ina keewi huutoraade geɗe ɗe o sikkaano ko wayi no ƴiye, palastik, njamndi, jute, ticker tape, strips leɗɗe, e bamɗi.[1][7] Ɓe njamiraa ko mahooɓe, ina jeyaa heen Frank Lloyd Wright, Edward Durell Stone, Miller e Pflueger e Samuel Marx.[1][8] Sosiyateeji goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen laamɗo Ibnu Sawuud mo Arabi Sawdit, otel Ahwahnee to Yosemite, e suudu pijirlooji Paramount to Oakland, Kaliforni. Textiles makko ina kuutoree kadi e nder laanaaji diwooje, e nder laanaaji geec, e nder pijirlooji e nder oteluuji.[2]
Gagga wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere ko sahaa teeŋtuɗo wonande Liebes e sosiyetee mum. Kaɓirɗe sintetik peewnaaɗe e kuutoragol e nder hare ndee, ndeen mbaɗtaa ngam huutoraade e nder galleeji. Haa teeŋti noon e aluminium, ina waɗi nafoore mawnde e peewnoowo mbaylaandi. Liebes ina weltii, ina teskini e ɗeen baawɗe, haa teeŋti noon e laabi kesi ɗi mbaawi golloreede e huutoreede. O meeɗii teskaade e nder yeewtere makko ngam diisnondirde e almudɓe to Chicago, “Miijo-ɗee sellofanuuji jalbooji, asetaatuuji ɓutti, pilastikuuji lakketeeɗi, leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe, ƴiye pucci artificielle, geɗe ɗe mbaylaaka e ƴiye gilaas!” Dorothy Liebes ina heewi wiyeede ko huunde himmunde e dille Kaliforni Modernist, e nder kitaale 1940 e 1950 o jeyaa ko e diisnondirooɓe mbaylaandi ɓurɓe anndeede e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik. E ko feewti e palet neutral mo heewɓe e yontaaji makko modernist en mbaɗi, Liebes ina anndaa no feewi e kuutoragol geɗe ɗe o sikkaano, colour vibrant e pattern. O joginoo ko yiɗde hawrude e kalaaji ɗi nanndaani e mbaadiiji jokkondirɗi, belɗi yiyde. Liebes ina anndira innirde kala « elixir magic » e mbaydiiji mum ina ceerti e mbaydiiji mum en keewɗi ɓuuɓɗi. O sinci ɗum “Look Kaliforni”, ko yaawi noddiraa “Look Liebes”.[10]
Dorothy Liebes ko weeyoowo baawɗo, kono kadi ko o jom njulaagu tiiɗɗo, mo o miijinoo wonde mbaydiiji peewnaaɗi e keewal ina mbaawi yettaade yimɓe ɓurɓe yaajde, tawa kadi ko e bidsee kiliyaneeɓe. Nde o woni e jogaade mbaadi juuɗe, Liebes golliima ngam tafde mbaydi mbaylaandi doole e nder mbaydiiji e kaɓirɗe keewɗe ceertuɗe. Wonaa tan mbaydiiji makko ina keɓee, kono o waɗii gollodiiɗo doole ngam gollorɗe.[11]
Liebes wonnoo ko jiiloowo diisnondirɗo e sosiyeteeji bayɗi no DuPont, Dow, Bigelow-Sanford, e Goodall Fabrics mo Sanford, Maine.[3] Ko o daraniiɗo peewnugol mbaydiiji keewɗi, o wasiyiima e ƴellitgol fiɓnde sintetik, o wallitorii e ƴellitgol masiŋaaji baawɗi ƴellitde ŋakkeende estetik e ŋakkeende mbaydiiji mbaylaandi e juuɗe.[3][7] Tuggi 1955 haa 1971 Liebes wonnoo ko jiiloowo DuPont to bannge mobelaaji galleeji. Ko o kaalirde sosiyetee oo, o walli yimɓe fof e foolde caɗeele e mbaydiiji sintetik.[12]
Liebes ina anndaa sabu mum naatde e porogaraamuuji karallaagal safaara wonande veteran’en wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e nder Amerik kala. E hitaande 1942, o toɗɗaa gardiiɗo ngenndi, fedde naalankaagal e karallaagal, Croix-Rouge Ameriknaajo.[5]
Tuggi 1961 haa 1972, naalanke mawɗo biyeteeɗo Emma Amos golliima e Dorothy Liebes, diisneteeɗo/weewoowo.
Njeenaaje
taƴtoDorothy Liebes jeyaa ko e heɓooɓe njeenaari Neiman Marcus Fashion Award e udditgol maɓɓe e hitaande 1938. E hitaande 1946, gooto e diidi makko cuɓaama ɓurndi moƴƴude e mbaydiiji mbaylaandi e nder Duɗal Ameriknaare Dekoraasiyoŋ[13] Hitaande rewtunde ndee, 1947, o heɓi njeenaari karallaagal Medaal ummoraade e Duɗal Ameriknaare Architects.[7] O heɓi kadi njeenaaje e njeenaaje ummoraade e Lord & Taylor, e Exposition Paris, e Ligue Architectural.[3] E hitaande 1948, o heɓi dipolomaaji tedduɗi to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Mills e njeenaari Elsie de Wolfe.[3][14] E hitaande 1970 Liebes heɓi njeenaari kaŋŋe to Fedde Ameriknaare ngam golle karallaagal timmungal.[15]
Wade
taƴtoSabu rafi ɓernde, Dorothy Liebes woppi golle mum e hitaande 1971.[3] O maayi ko to wuro New York ñalnde 20 suwee 1972.
Njawdi
taƴtoGolle makko ina njooɗii e nder defterdu Cooper-Hewitt, suudu defte ngenndiije,[16] suudu defte Victoria e Albert,[17] suudu naalankaagal to Chicago, suudu defte naalankaagal Amerik to duɗal Smithsonian, e suudu naalankaagal Phoebe A. Hearst Anthropologie to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Kaliforni, Berkeley.
E hitaande 2023, Cooper Hewitt waɗii ƴeewndo golle Liebes, tiitoonde mum ko Niɓɓere, Annoore, Jaaynde: Peeje Dorothy Liebes.[18] Koolol ngol heɓi njeenaari 2022 ngam ƴellitaare e kesam-hesamaagu ummoraade e Decorative Arts Trust.[19]
Tuugnorgal
taƴto^ Diwtu haa dow: a b c d e "Dorothy Liebes: Feccere suudu misaalu (1973.129.7)". E nder Heilbrunn Waktuuji daartol naalankaagal. New York: Duɗal naalankaagal mawngal, 2000–. 1973.129.7.htm (oktoobar 2006)
^ Juppude haa: a b c Olsen, Kirstin (1994). Taariindi rewɓe. Fedde muulngo Greenwood. p. 326. Ɓoornugol 0-313-28803-8.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Ko fayti e binndanɗe Dorothy Liebes to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Smithsonian to bannge naalankaagal Amerik, keɓtinaaɗe ñalnde 31 lewru Yarkomaa 2012]
^ "Dorothy Wright Liebes | Nguurndam mum | Yimɓe | Koolol Cooper Hewitt, suudu defte diidi Smithsonian". mooɓondiral.kooperhewitt.org. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 10/04-2022.
^ Juppude haa: a b c d Libes, Doroti (1970). Dorothy Liebes: Koolol ƴeewndo, 20 marse-10 mee 1970, Musée des artisans contemporaines mo Goomu ñeeñal Amerik. New York: Musiyum ko fayti e golle hannde. p. 34.
^ Juppude haa: a b Winton, Aleksandra Griffit (Duɗnde 2009). "Nokku e neɗɗaagu: Dorothy Liebes e diidi Amerik". Archives jaaynde naalankaagal Amerik. 48 (1-2): 4-17. Doi:10.1086/aaa.48.1_2.40649412. JSTOR 40649412. S2CID 192714589.
^ Juppu to: a b c d Naalankaagal fiber: Caggal jolngo: Dorothy Liebes binndanɗe to duɗal Smithsonian ngal naalankaagal Amerik, keɓtinaaɗe ñalnde 27 mars 2009.
NB: Haa e lewru Yarkomaa 2012, ko ɓuri heewde e kabaruuji ummoriiɗi e ndeeɗoo lowre ko ɗoo njiylotoo.
^ "Taariindi tiyaataar ɓurndi mawnude". Teyaatre ɓurnde mawnude. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 8 lewru Yarkomaa 2010. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 7 lewru Noowammbar 2014.
^ Daartol suudu fijirde mawndu, Oakland, Kaliforni, defte 2010-01-08 to masiŋ Wayback, heɓaa ñalnde 27 mars 2009
^ "Dorothy Wright Liebes | Nguurndam mum | Yimɓe | Koolol Cooper Hewitt, suudu defte diidi Smithsonian". mooɓondiral.kooperhewitt.org. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 10/04-2022.
^ "Dorothy Wright Liebes | Nguurndam mum | Yimɓe | Koolol Cooper Hewitt, suudu defte diidi Smithsonian". mooɓondiral.kooperhewitt.org. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 10/04-2022.
^ Blasjak, Regina Lee (2008). "Tawde sintetik, ɓamtude markeeji: Dorothy Liebes, fibers DuPont e nder Amerik caggal wolde". Jaaynde daartol diisnondiral. 21 (1): 75-99. Doi:10.1093/jdh/epm038. JSTOR 25228567.
^ "Suɓngo dekoratoor". Wakati. 13 lewru Yarkomaa 1947.
^ "Dokke e njeenaaje". Horizonuuji karallaagal. 23 (2): 53. 1963. Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 2 noowammbar 2021.
^ "Doroti Libees". Goomu karallaagal Amerik. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 27 sulyee 2023.
^ Doroti Rayit Libes | Yimɓe | Koolol Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt, koolol diisnondiral ngenndiwal
^ "Njiylawu ko mooftaa koo: Dorothy Liebes". mooɓondiral.vam.ac.uk. Musium Victoria e Albert. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 12 feebariyee 2019.
^ "Doroti Libees". Kuper Hewitt, ko suudu defte diisnondiral Smithsonian. Keɓtinaama ñalnde 27 sulyee 2023.
^ "Cooper Hewitt, suudu defte diidi Smithsonian rokkaama njeenaari ngam ɓural e kesam-hesamaagu ngam kollirgol Dorothy Liebes". Koolol naalankaagal dekoraasiyoŋ. 6 oktoobar 2022. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 27 sulyee 2023.
Jokkondire yaajɗe
taƴtoWiɗto Dorothy Liebes ina wedda daartol golle makko ɗe o anndaa seeɗa kono ɗe o waɗi e nder jaaynde wiyeteende The Art
No yumma mbaydi mbaylaandi wayliri aduna mbaydi mbaylaandi Jaaynde Smithsonian, nde Sonja Anderson winndi