Fatma Aliye Topuz
Fatma Aliye Topuz (9 oktoobar 1862 – 13 sulyee 1936), keewɗo anndireede tan ko Fatma Aliye walla Fatma Aliye Hanım, ko binndoowo Turki, winndiyanke, binndol, daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe e neɗɗankaagal. Hay so tawii won deftere nde binndoowo debbo Turki biyeteeɗo Zafer Hanım yaltini ko adii ɗuum e hitaande 1877,[1] nde tawnoo ndeen deftere heddii ko deftere makko tan, Fatma Aliye Hanım e defte mum joy ina njeyaa e dingiral binndol wonde debbo binndoowo gadano e nder binndol Turki e Aduna lislaam.[2][3]
Jinsu | debbum |
---|---|
Ɓii-leydiyankaaku | Ottoman Empire, Türkiye |
Innde | Fatma, Aliye |
Innde ɓesngu | Topuz |
Ɗuubi daygo | 9 Yarkomaa 1862 |
Ɗoforde | Istanbul |
Date of death | 13 Morso 1936 |
Place of death | Istanbul |
Place of burial | Feriköy Cemetery |
Father | Ahmet Cevdet Pasha |
Sibling | Emine Semiye Önasya, Güzide Sabri Aygün |
Wolde | Turkish |
Sana'aji | novelist, essayist, columnist, writer, journalist |
Field of work | essay |
Political ideology | feminism |
Nguurndam adanɗam
taƴtoFatma Aliye jibinaa ko to Istanbul ñalnde 9 oktoobar 1862. Ko kanko woni ɓiy ɗiɗaɓo gardiiɗo laamu Ottomaan, daartoowo e birooji lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Ahmed Cevdet Pasha (1822-1895)[4] e debbo mum Adviye Rabia Hanım.[5] Omo jogii banndiraaɓe ɗiɗo : miñiiko biyeteeɗo Ali Sedat e miñiiko debbo biyeteeɗo Emine Semiye.[3][6]
Sabu darnde baaba makko e Wali (guwerneer diiwaan) to Ejipt, caggal ɗuum to Grece, o waɗi duuɓi tati tuggi 1866 haa 1868 to Alep, lebbi jeegom to Janina e hitaande 1875. E hitaande 1878, o woni e galle makko lebbi jeenay to Damas, ɗo baaba makko toɗɗaa.
Fatma Aliye janngata ko e nder galle, nde tawnoo, e oon sahaa, sukaaɓe rewɓe ina keewi winnditaade e nder duɗe toowɗe hay so tawii noon sariya haɗataa jaŋde rewɓe. E nder cukaagu makko hakkille o dañii ganndal toowngal e ɗemngal Arab e Farayse.[5][7]
E hitaande 1879, nde o heɓi duuɓi sappo e jeeɗiɗi, baaba makko yuɓɓini dewgal makko e kapiteen-major (Kolağası e ɗemngal Turki Otomaan) Mehmet Faik Bey, balloowo sultan Abdul Hamid II, ɓiy-yumma Gazi Osman Pasha, jaambaaro oo e nder hare Plevna (1877). O jibinii ɓiɓɓe rewɓe nayo: Hatice (jibinaa ko e hitaande 1880), Ayşe (jibinaa ko e hitaande 1884), Nimet (jibinaa ko e hitaande 1900) e Zübeyde İsmet (jibinaa ko e hitaande 1901).[5]
Jom suudu makko ko neɗɗo mo hakkille mum ɓuri mo, e nder duuɓi gadani dewgal maɓɓe, o jaɓaani janngude defte e ɗemɗe janane.[5]
Golle binndol
taƴtoFatma Aliye Topuz ina jeyaa e daraniiɓe hakkeeji rewɓe adanɓe, feeñde e comci hirnaange e nder nguurndam mum renndo.
Fatma Aliye Topuz ina yahra e werlaa, ina wayi no ina reedu, hedde hitaande 1900.
O fuɗɗii e binndol ko e hitaande 1889 e firo deftere Georges Ohnet wiyeteende Volonté ummoraade e Farayse feewde e Turki e tiitoonde Meram e yamiroore jom suudu makko, duuɓi sappo caggal dewgal makko. Deftere nde yalti ko e innde binndol makko "Bir Hanım" ("Laamɗo").[5] Winndiyanke lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Ahmet Mithat ina weltii e makko haa o bayyini mo wonde ko o ɓiyiiko debbo tedduɗo e nder jaaynde wiyeteende Tercüman-ı Hakikat (« Firo Goonga »). Fatma Aliye kadi dañii hakkille baaba mum haa o janngini ɗum, o wostondiri miijooji e makko. Caggal firo makko gadano, o huutoriima innde binndol "Mütercime-i Meram" (e ɗemngal: "Firo debbo Volonté) e nder firooji makko jokkondirɗi.[7][8]
E hitaande 1894, o winndi deftere wiyeteende Hayal ve Hakikat (« Koyngal e Goonga ») kanko e Ahmet Mithat Efendi. O winndi binndanɗe ngam jaambaaro debbo oo, binndanɗe ngam jikku gorko oo ko Ahmet Mithat winndi. Golle ɗee ciynaama e "Bir Kadın ve Ahmet Mithat" ("Debbo e Ahmet Mithat").[9] Caggal ndee deftere, winndooɓe ɗiɗo ɓee mbaɗti ɓataakeeji juutɗi, ɗi njaltinaa caggal ɗuum e jaaynde Tercüman-ı Hakikat.[9]
Fatma Aliye yaltinii deftere mum adannde wiyeteende Muhazarat ("Kabaruuji nafooji") e hitaande 1892 e innde mum tigi-rigi, nde o etinooma salaade miijo wonde debbo waawaa yejjitde giɗli mum gadani. Ko nde deftere adannde e nder laamu Ottomaan fof nde debbo winndi. Deftere nde fuɗɗitii yaltineede e hitaande 1908.
Deftere makko tataɓere wiyeteende Udi (« Lutte »), yaltunde e hitaande 1899, ina hollita debbo fiyoowo oud, mo Fatma Aliye hawri e mum to Alep. E nder ndee deftere, o haali, e ɗemngal laaɓngal, daartol nguurndam Bedia, baɗnooɗo dewgal ngal weltaaki.[8][9] Winndiyanke lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Reşat Nuri Güntekin ina hollita wonde Udi ina jeyaa e golle ɓurɗe teeŋtude ɗe o yiɗi e binndol.[10]
Defte makko goɗɗe ɗee ko Raf'et (1898), Enin (1910) (« Ɓoornugol ») e Levaih-i Hayat (« Dille nguurndam »). O tiitinii e nder golle makko dewgal, nanondiral hakkunde jommbaajo debbo, giɗli e njiimaandi, e nafoore ustude luulndii dewgal yuɓɓinaangal. Yanti heen, o suɓii ko neɗɗo gooto (individualism) ngam wonde tiitoonde mawnde, o sosi jaambaaro’en jeyaaɓe e hoore mum, gollotooɓe e dañde kaalis mum en tawa ngalaa haaju e gorko.[11]
E hitaande 1893, darnde makko mawni caggal nde Ahmet Mithat yalti deftere wiyeteende Bir Muharrire-i Osmaniye’nin Neşeti (« Jibinannde Winndiyanke Debbo Usmaan ») jibinaaɗo e ɓataakeeji Fatma Aliye. E nder ɗeen ɓataakeeji, omo hollita weltaare makko nde meeɗaa joofde e jaŋde.
Binndol makko Nisvan-ı İslâm ngol firtaama e ɗemngal Farayse e tiitoonde Les femmes muselmannes nde Olga Lebedeva[12] firti ɗum kadi e ɗemngal Arab, e deftere makko Udi e ɗemngal Farayse. Ñaawoore makko, bayyinaande e jaaynde Farayse, ko fayti e deftere wiyeteende « Rewɓe Fuɗnaange e Hirnaange » nde Faraysenaajo biyeteeɗo Émile Julliard winndi, dañii hakkillaaji no feewi to Pari. Kadi ina anndaa e nder winndere ndee, golle makko kollitaama to defterdu World’s Columbian Exposition 1893 to Chicago, Amerik, o limtaama e nder catal defterdu rewɓe e nder yeewtere ndee. Hay so tawii o woniino mawɗo haa e jamaanu doosgal ɗiɗaɓal, o yani e yejjiteede e sahaa.[9]
E hitaande 1914, o yaltini deftere makko wiyeteende Ahmed Cevdet Paşa ve Zamanı ("Ahmed Cevdet Pasha e jamaanu mum") ngam daranaade baaba makko e njanguuji politik. E nder ndeeɗoo golle, o anniyii ko hollirde dingiral politik caggal Doosgal ɗiɗmal ngal.
Daraniiɗo hakkeeji rewɓe
taƴtoGaa gaa golle makko binndaaɗe, o winndii duuɓi sappo e tati hakkunde 1895 e 1908 e nder jaaynde Hanımlara Mahsus Gazete ("Jaaynde rewɓe")[14] ko fayti e hakkeeji rewɓe tawa o woppaani miijooji makko cemmbinɗi. Miñiiko debbo biyeteeɗo Emine Semiye Önasya (1864–1944), gooto e rewɓe Turki adanɓe,[3] ina jeyaa kadi e rewɓe hakkillaaji wonɓe e rewindaade jaaynde yaltunde laabi ɗiɗi e nder yontere. Ɓe mballiri kadi e Mehâsin mo fuɗɗii caggal njiimaandi sukaaɓe Turki en e hitaande 1908.[15]
E nder deftere makko wiyeteende Nisvan-i Islam ("Rewɓe Lislaam") bayyinde e hitaande 1896, Fatma Aliye hollitii ngonka rewɓe juulɓe e winndere hirnaange ndee. No winndirtee e lowre makko jaayndeeji nii, o daranii e nder ndee deftere aadaaji cemmbinɗi luulndiiɗi jikkuuji jamaanu ɗi o sosi e nder defte makko.
Neɗɗankaagal
taƴtoFatma Aliye kadi ina gollinoo e sadak. Caggal wolde Giriik e Turki, o sosi e hitaande 1897 fedde ballal « Nisvan-ı Osmaniye İmdat Cemiyeti » (« Fedde rewɓe Ottomaan en ngam ballal ») ngam wallitde ɓesnguuji soldateeɓe. Nde jeyaa ko e pelle rewɓe gadane e nder leydi hee. Ngam golle makko e neɗɗankaagal, o rokkaama njeenaari (Şefkat Nişanı) ndi Sultan Abdul Hamid II rokki mo e hitaande 1899.[16]
Yanaande Fatma Aliye Topuz to Cemetery Feriköy, Istanbul
Fatma Aliye wonti kadi debbo gadano tergal e « Osmanlı Hilal-i Ahmer Cemiyeti » (Lewru boɗeeru Ottomaan). Yanti heen, o golliima e « Müdafaa-i Milliye Osmanlı Kadınlar Heyeti » (Goomu rewɓe Ottomaan en ngam ndeenka ngenndi), sosaango caggal wolde Itali e Turki e wolde Balkan en e kitaale 1910.
Duuɓi ɓennuɗi
taƴtoƁiyiiko debbo tokooso biyeteeɗo Zübeyde İsmet naati diine kerecee en e hitaande 1926, o ummii leydi Turki ngam wontude debbo katolik Roma.[4] Fatma Aliye yahiino e kitaale 1920 laabi keewɗi to Farayse ngam yiylaade ɓiyum debbo kadi ngam cellal mum.[5] E hitaande 1928, o dañii jom suudu makko. Fatma Aliye ƴetti innde galle "Topuz" caggal nde sariya innde leydi Turki fuɗɗii, nde o waɗti ñalnde 21 lewru juko hitaande 1934. Nde o wuuri duuɓi makko cakkitiiɗi ɗii e nder cellal e caɗeele kaalis, o maayi ñalnde 13 lewru juko hitaande 1936 to Istanbul.[7]. ] O wirnaa ko to yanaande Feriköy.
Anndinde e luural
taƴtoRewrude e kaalis 50 lira (2009)
Hay so tawii Zafer Hanım winndii deftere mum Aşk-ı Vatan ("Yiɗde leydi") e hitaande 1877, duuɓi ko adii Fatma Aliye Hanım, o limtaaka e binndol debbo Turki gadano sabu deftere makko wootere tan yaltini.[7]
Natal Fatma Aliye ina hollira e ɓalewol kaalis 50 lira Turki yaltuɗo e hitaande 2009.[17] Kono tan, pellital Banke mawɗo Turki suɓaade mo ngam feeñde e debbo gadano mo meeɗaa teddineede, kadi ko debbo gadano binndoowo Turki, waɗii luural hakkunde yimɓe Turki en binndi e daartiyankooɓe.[2] Ɓeen ñaawooɓe ɓee mbiyi wonde winndooɓe rewɓe hono Halide Edib Adıvar walla Afet İnan mo jamaanu Republicain en ɓuri waawde faarnoraade kaalis banke mo natal Atatürk woni e dow mum, ɓuri Fatma Aliye, ƴellitnooɗo miijooji mum e hakkeeji rewɓe e nder ngonka sharia (sarɗi lislaam). ) e ɓe luulndii peeje Atatürk.[4]
Golle teskaaɗe
taƴtoDefte
taƴtoMuhazarat (1892) ("Kabaruuji nafooji")
Hayal ve Hakikat (1894) ("Koyɗol E Goonga")
Raf'et (1898)
Udi (1899) (« Luutoowo »)
Enin (1910) ("Nguurndam")
Levaih-i Hayat ("Dille nguurndam")
Firo
taƴtoMeram (1890) e Farayse, deftere Georges Ohnet wiyeteende Volonté (1888)
Binndanɗe
taƴtoNamdaran-ı Zenan-ı İslamıyan (1895) ("Rewɓe juulɓe lolluɓe")
Osmanlıda Kadın : "Cariyelik, Çokeşlilik, Moda" (1895) ("Rewɓe e nder laamu Ottomaan: 'Odalisque, Polygall, Mode'")
Wondude e Mahmuud Esad, Taaddüd-i Zevcat ("Debbo keewɗo")
Nisvan-ı İslam (1896) (« Rewɓe Lislaam ») Firo Farayse Les femmes muselmannes
Teracim-i-ahval-ı Felasife (1900) ("Nguurndam Filosof en") (2006) Çizgi Kitabevi, Konya. Tappirde. 153 kelle ISBN 975-8867-84-9[18]
Tedkik-i Ecsam (1901) ("Wiɗto geɗe")
Ahmed Cevdet Pasha e Zamanı (1914) ("Ahmed Cevdet Pasha e jamaanu mum")
Kosovo Zaferi / Ankara Hezimeti : Tarih-i Osmaninin Bir Devre-i Mühimmesi (1915) ("Nasaraaku to Kosovo / Jaalal to Ankara: jamaanu teeŋtuɗo e daartol Ottomaan")
Tuugnorgal
taƴto^ "Zafer Hanim'in Ask-i Vatan Romani". Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 26 lewru feebariyee 2012. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 5 mars 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "50 liira" (e ɗemngal Turki). Haa jooni. 24 lewru Yarkomaa 2009. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 26 lewru Abriil 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Fatma Aliye'ning gölgesinde kala kardeşi". Haber7 (e ɗemngal Turki). 2009. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 23 abriil 2009.
^ Juppude haa: a b c Bayer, Yalçin (11 lewru Yarkomaa 2009). "Paralardaki Aliye Hanım..." (e ɗemngal Turki). Haa jooni. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 5 oktoobar 2017.
^ Juppude haa: a b c d e f Yuunus, Ceyda (28 mars 2008). "Fatma aliye kime uzak?" (e ɗemngal Turki). Miliyeet. Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 3 lewru Mbooy 2009.
^ Farayse DeHaan; Anna Luutfi; Krasimira Daskalova, binndol. (2006). "Aaliye, Faatma (1862-1936)". Saggitorde nguurndam dille rewɓe e rewɓe: Orop hakkundeejo, fuɗnaange, e fuɗnaange-rewo, teeminannde 19ɓiire e 20ɓiire. Budapest; New York: Jaaynde Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Orop hakkundeejo. ISBN 978-963-7326-39-4.
^ Juppu haa: a b c d "E-9 Lira Turki capanɗe joyi". TC Merkez banke. Moƴƴinaama gila e asli mum ñalnde 17-04-2009. Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 3 lewru Mbooy 2009.
^ Juppu haa: a b "Fatma Aliye Hanım" (e ɗemngal Turki). Edebiyat Öğretmeni. Ƴeewtaama ñalnde 3 lewru Mbooy 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Fatma Aliye Hanın 70. Yılı" (e ɗemngal Turki). Birliği leydi Turki. Heɓtinaama ñalnde 3 mee 2009. [jokkondiral maayngal].
^ Juppude haa: a b "Zavallı Fatma Aliye Hanim" (e ɗemngal Turki). Zaman. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 12 abriil 2009. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 3 mee 2009.
^ Barbaroso, Fatma K. (31 oktoobar 2008). "PIONIER TURKI 'Fatma Aliye Hanım' Yonta gadano winndooɓe rewɓe Turki-2". Zaman hannde. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 17 noowammbar 2008. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 3 mee 2009.
↑ Olkay, Turkan (2017). "Olga Lebedeva (Madam Gülnar): Fuɗnaange-rewo e firoyanke Riisi ina ƴattoo Ottomaan en". Slowo. 29 (2): 48. Dowlaaji 10.14324/111.0954-6839.065.
^ Barbaroso, Fatma K. (30 oktoobar 2008). "Pioneer Turki 'Fatma Aliye Hanım' Deftere nde alaa alluwal-1". Zaman hannde. Mooftaa ko e asli mum ñalnde 22 lewru Yarkomaa 2019. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 3 lewru Mbooy 2009.
↑ Elif Akşit (2016). "Wontude suka debbo e nder defte Ottoman". To Suriya Faroxi; Halil Inalsik; Boğas Ergene (moƴƴinoowo). Cukaagu e nder laamu Ottomaan cakkitiiɗo e caggal mum. Politik, Renndo e Faggudu. Leyden; Boston: Ɓoornugol. p. 103. ISBN 978-90-04-29312-0. JSTOR 10.1163/j.ctt1w8h1jx.9.
^ Ozgün Uçar (lewru suwee 2022). "Mehâsin: Resimli-renkli e 'kadınlara mahsus' ilk dergi". Tarih Dergi (e ɗemngal Turki). Keɓtinaama ñalnde 27 abriil 2023.
^ "Medaal Ottoman ngam debbo 'yurmeende' Angalteer ngam yahde les martolin". Hurriyet Kabaruuji ñalnde kala. 24 lewru Yarkomaa 2015.
^ "Kaalis TL ina jogori huutoreede e hitaande 2009". Kabaaru ñalnde kala leydi Turki. 15 suwee 2006. Moƴƴinaama e asli mum ñalnde 30 suwee 2007. Ƴeewtaa ko ñalnde 28 suwee 2006.
^ "Kitabevi, Konya, lewru mee 2006". Moƴƴinaama gila e asli mum ñalnde 22-01-2009. Heɓtinaa ko ñalnde 26/04/2009.
Bibliografi
taƴtoAhmed Midaat. Fatma Aliye Hanım yahud Bir Muharrire-i Osmaniye'nin Neşeti (1893) (Laamɗo Fatma Aliye walla jibineede winndiyanke Ottomaan) Bedia Ermat firti ɗum e ɗemngal Turki Ottomaan. Tappirde (1994) Sel Yayinsilik, Istanbul. 96p. ISBN 975-570-009-9 [1].
Barbarooji, Fatma Karabiik. Fatma Aliye: Leydi woɗɗundi - Debbo gadano binndoowo e nder winndere juulɓe Timas Publishing. Deftere tuugniinde e daartol nguurndam makko.
Çakır,Serpil, Saggitorde nguurndam dille rewɓe e rewɓe - Orop hakkundeejo, fuɗnaange e worgo-fuɗnaange, Teeminannde 19ɓiire e 20ɓiire - Aliye, Fatma (1862–1936). pp. 21-24. (2006). 678 h. 963-7326-39-1 9789637326394
Frierson, Elizabeth B., Renndo Usmaanuuji cakkitiiɗi - Lefol hakkille - Rewɓe e nder daartol hakkillaaji Otomaan en cakkitiiɗi. 135-161 (2005) Routledge, mo Elisabet Ozdalga winndi. 348 p. ISBN 0-415-34164-7 ISBN 9780415341646
Mende-Altayli, Rana von (2010) ed.: Faatima Aliyye / Mahmuud Esad: Ta’addüd-i Zevcat Zeyl – Jokkugol jeewte ko faati e dewgal keewngal. Version Turki jamaanu, binndol e faksimile. E naatgol Rana e Mende-Altayli. 177 p. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, ISBN 978-3-87997-376-7
Jokkondire yaajɗe
taƴtoJaayɗe jowitiiɗe e Fatma Aliye Topuz to Wikimedia Commons