Wikipedia

Iyami Aje

Iyami Aje ko helmere Yoruba teddungal e yiɗde huutorteende ngam siftinde debbo iwdi Afriknaajo, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko Aje, debbo jogiiɗo doole keewɗe e nder nguurndam, e nder ruuhu, e nder winndere.

Etimoloji

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E ɗemngal Yoruba, Ìyá mi firti ko "yumma am".[1] E nder ganndal tagoore Yoruba, darnde yumma ko doole tagoore e jogaade nguurndam e gonndigal ina toowna mo to laamu diine. Ndeen noon, Ìyá mi - e waylooji tonngooɗe - wonta Ìyààmi walla Ìyàmi,[2] ko ɗum waawi firteede "ɓe ɓurɓe doole"[3] walla "Yumma am sirlu."[4][2] Àjẹ́ ko Yoruba konngol maantinirgol doole biyoloji e ruuhuyankooje rewɓe Afrik jogiiɗe mbaawkaaji keewɗi, ina heen, kono wonaa tan, doole tagoore elemen, biyoloji e naalankaagal ; hurgol; natinol; ƴellitaare e semmbinde ruuhu e ɓanndu ; e yuɓɓo politik e doole.[5][6][7][8] E nder Architects of Existence: Àjẹ́ nder Yoruba Kosmoloji, Ontoloji, e Orature, Teresa N. Washington siftinii Àjẹ ko "doole ɗe ngalaa sifaa, kono ɓadtaade Engele ngam Àjẹ́ wonata ko Doole, Tagngo, Kosmos, Fof."

Yettoore inɗe

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Iyami Aje ina anndaa e inɗe yettoore keewɗe ɗe ina jeyaa heen, kono ɗe kaɗaani, Iyami Osoronga, Awon Iya Wa (Yumma men),[10] Eleye (Joom(ɓe) Birniwol ceningol), Iyanla, Awon Agbalagba (Hakkilanteeɓe). e Mawɓe Kulɓiniiɓe), Mawɓe Jemma, Mawɗo e Hakkille(ɓe),[4] "Laamɓe Renndo,"[11] Ayé (Leydi), Yewájọbí (Yumma Òrìṣà fof e Guurɗi ɗii fof), [12] e Àjẹ́, no helmere ɗiɗmere ndee hollirta doole e neɗɗo jogiiɗo ɗum.

Limtol

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E nder ganndal aduna Yoruba, Orisha Odù woni Tagɗo Aduna oo e kala ko ina ƴellitoo e nder mum. Ko kanko woni fuɗɗoode woodde e reedu iwdiiji kala : ruuhuyanke Yoruba Samuel M. Opeola hollitii wonde, "Àjẹ́ ko Odù tigi rigi."[9] Rewɓe Afriknaaɓe, iwdi Odù to bannge biyoloji e ruuhu, ina wiyee ko kamɓe fof ngoni e jibinde geɗe ceertuɗe e doole siyno makko: Àjẹ́. Àjẹ́ ɓuri jokkondirde e rewɓe sabu darnde maɓɓe teeŋtunde e jibinde, e jibinde, e jibinde, e rimɗinde sukaaɓe ; kono worɓe Afriknaaɓe, haa arti noon e laamɓe Afriknaaɓe, ina mbaawi kadi jogaade e wonde Àjẹ́. Opeola hollitii wonde "kala Òrìṣà ƴeewaaɗo [hono no haanirta nii] e nder tagoore, jibinannde, reende wuro ina jogii kadi doole Àjé" (ina heen Ọbàtálá, Ọbalúayé, Ògún, ngam limtude orisha seeɗa).[13] Kono, e iwdi mum kosmik e nder Odù, Reedu gonnduɗo, e nder biyoloji e nder reedu gonnduɗo e lewru, reedu, jibinannde, ko rewɓe Afriknaaɓe ngoni joom en e jogaade Aje.

Sabu njaajeendi mum e doole mum, Aje ina hulɓinii, ina teddiniree heewɓe. Aje firtaama ko "witch", kono e nder winndannde mum 1958 Ulli Beier luulndiima ndee firo, o wiyi wonde wonaa "firo laaɓtungo Aje nde tawnoo Aje "ina hollira ko ɓuri heewde e doole mistikaaji rewɓe e mbaadiiji mum en ɓurɗi bonde e halkude."[ 14] Henry e Margaret Drewal mbinndi wonde "Kala debbo mawɗo, nguurndam mum juutɗam ina hollita ganndal e doole sirlu, ina waawi jogaade aje, hono no denndaangal jogiiɓe tiitooɗe teeŋtuɗe e nder kulhuli ngam laamɓe e taaniraaɓe. Feere ndee ko wonde ngam... timminde darnde mum no haanirta nii ina foti jogaade doole hono ɗee."[14] Huutoraade helmere "witch" ina teskaa sabu e nder renndooji Afrik keewɗi, tuumaaɗo ina waawi woppeede walla liggoraade sabu tuumeede fenaande.[15] Winndannde Ayo Adeduntan, "Noddugo Àjẹ́ Witch Ngam Waɗde Mo: Firo Yoruba Patriarchal e Redefinition Doole Debbo," ɗon limta batte huuwugo helmere witch nder ummaatooje Yoruba e huuwtinirgo haani nder terraruba Yoruba ko hawti bee finaa-tawaa[. 16] Won heen, ngam reende jogiiɓe laamu e woɗɗitaade jiiɓru, kelme ko wayi no « Mawɓe Jemma », Ayé, e Awon Iya Wa ina mbaawi huutoreede e mbaydi teskinndi.

Tariya

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Mask Gelede

Iya Nla Gelede

Daartol Aje fuɗɗotoo ko e woodde. Laamɓe nannduɓe e Aje ko Odù e Odùduwà, e nder Olodumare: Alla e nder Goongɗinal Yoruba, E. Bolaji Idowu ina siftina Odùduwà ko "gonɗo hoore mum . . .Mawɗo tagɗo tagoore.[17] E nder winndannde mum "The Spider". , Kameleon e Tagngo Leydi," Oduyoye tawi ko Odùduwà firti ko,"Haala orakulal tagi woodgol."[18] E nder deftere Mahooɓe woodgol: Aje e nder ganndal aduna, tagoore, e haalaaji Yoruba, Teresa N. Washington hollitii wonde " ko wayi no Yumma Galaksi, Odù ko e nder logic woni iwdi kala ìwà (anndinde, jikku, woodde) tawa ina heɓa iwdi mum e toɓɓere mum e nder doole ɗe njiyataa e ɓaleejo laaɓtuɗo (Dúdú)."[19] Washington ina siftina maanaa Odùduwà , hono "Reedu mawndu walla Pot (Odù) mo luggiɗde e ɓaleejo (Dúdú) mo alaa ɗo haaɗi, ina waɗi denndaangal sifaaji, sifaaji, e anndinde."[20]

Aje ko doole ɓooyɗe, ɗe adii miijooji "Yoruba" e "Ifa" e duuɓi ujunnaaje ; kono Odu Ifa ina waɗi kadi binndanɗe ceertuɗe ko fayti e Aje.[citation needed] Worɓe ɓee ndartiima kadi ko nde ɓe mbaɗti Ọṣun that aduna ina waawi soseede.[21] [source mo koolkisaaka?] E nder as ese Ifa mo Osa Meji Odu walla Oduduwa ko debbo gooto e nder laamɓe worɓe tati woɗɓe e rokkeede doole yumma e Aje e Olodumare, jogorɗo jogaade doole gonɗe e nder mum ɗe foti hormeede.[22][koolkisaaka source?] Binndanɗe iwdi goɗɗe ina kollita wonde Yemoja ko hooreejo Iyami kam e sosɗo e joom Gelede, renndo ngo ina tiiɗi e Iyami.[23]

So tawii wuro Ota, Naajeeriya woni wuro ɓurngo yaawde jokkondirde e Aje,[citation needed] Aje ina jokki e ƴellitaade e nder Afrik e nder leyɗeele diaspora ɗe Yoruba en njahrata e mum en tawa ko e yiɗde mum en walla ko ɓe maccuɓe.[ 24] Aje ina anndaa ardaade luumo ngoo, Iyalode ina woni hooreejo njulaagu e njulaagu e nder ko ɓuri heewde e gure e gure Yoruba. Iyami Aje kadi ina jokki e jogaade darnde tiiɗnde e nder renndooji ceniiɗi e juɓɓule politik Yoruba.[25]

Iyami wonti jinneeji nde laamuuji baabiraaɓe ɓurɗi heewde naati e laamu e les njiimaandi Ibraahiima, ɗum addani heewɓe yahde e sirlu ngam daɗde e tooñanngeeji e maayde potnde waɗeede. Naatgol diineeji Ibraahiima e njulaagu Oropnaaɓe e Orop e nder kitaale 1700 hawri ko e naatgol koloñaal lislaam e kerecee en e njulaagu jiyaaɓe to Afrik hirnaange. Kewuuji aadaaji ɗi rewɓe mbaɗatnoo, ngonti domen worɓe ; won heen, laamɓe ina kaɗa rewɓe tawtoreede kewuuji ngam ƴeewde so tawii ɓe ngonaa e tawtoreede.[26][source mo koolkisaaka?] [dead link][citation needed].

Juuldeeji Gelede ɗii mballitii ngam teddungal e yettude Iyami Aje ngal foolaaka walla ngal deƴƴaaka. E nder ɗeen juuldeeji, renndooji ɗii fof ina kawra ngam yettude e yettude Iyami Aje ngam ndeenka e ballal renndo ngoo.[27] Koolol Gelede ngol ina teddini Iyami no laamɓe e yummiraaɓe maamiraaɓe nii, kadi ina jeyaa e ko ɓuri anndeede e Iyami Aje e nder Gelede ko Iyami Osoronga, mo nganndu-ɗaa kadi ina teddiniree Iya Nla (Yumma mawɗo), kadi ina lomtiniree mask daneejo e nder koolol Gelede [28] E wiyde Babatunde Lawal e nder deftere Le spectacle Gelede, Iya Nla ko Yewajobi, Iyami Iya (Yumma fof e yumma yummiraaɓe).

Kuule, golle, e darnde

Samuel M. Opeola hollitii wonde Àjẹ́ ina ƴoogi e kuule tati teskinɗe:[29]

Hoto dabbu e herbalism (woto huutoro leɗɗe tawa aɗa anndi no feewi sifaa mum en, kuutoragol mum en e yamiroore Alla).

Hoto hollir jawdi.

Renndinde kala ko woni.

Opeola hollitii wonde Àjẹ́ ko "luulndiiɗi njuɓɓudiiji renndo" e "nafoore". Gila e darnde gonnde e jaɓde potal, Àjẹ́ ina golloo ngam tabitinde potal e nanondiral renndo, politik, e pinal. Ina jeyaa e inɗe yettoore keewɗe ɗe dental Àjẹ́ , Ẹgbẹ́ Ọ̀gbà, ɗum firti ko dental potngal.

Ndeke Àjẹ́ ina ruttini e potal ina hollita ceertugol mawngol hakkunde ontoloji Yoruba hannde oo e hoɗɓe e Ile-Ife (autochtoniques). Aborigine en hoɗɓe e Ile-Ife ceerti koye mum en e hoɓɓe mum en eggiyankooɓe Yoruba en, ɓe mbiyata koye maɓɓe Onímọlẹ̀, ɗum firti ko "jom leydi." Àjẹ́, balance, e reciprocité ɓuri wonde stratification hiérarchique e obeisance rituelle ɗe pine Afrik keewɗe, haa arti noon e ɗe Yoruba en hannde ɗee, nganndiraa. E nder deftere mum, Teresa N. Washington yeewtidii e nafoore Ẹgbẹ́ Ọ̀gbà yiytere winndere ndee e ko anndiraa hannde pinal Yorubaa en :

Ẹgbẹ́ Ọ̀gbà kadi ina feeñi e hollirde laawol nguurndam e yi’annde aduna asliire Mọlẹ̀ ɗe njiidaa e potal. Nafoore potal renndo ina feeñi e sosde Ògbóni, ɗo denndaangal terɗe ngenndi ndii, tawa ceerndaani, puɗɗiima e nder renndo ; e nder kuule ɗe Àjẹ́ foti "renndude kala ko ina" tawa ina foti waɗde kollirɗe jawdi ; e nder yamiroore nde babaláwo woni e golloraade renndooji mum en, ɓe mbaawataa huutoraade dokke maɓɓe [ruuhu] ngam heɓde jawdi keeriindi ; e nder fasaad laamɗo oo, gardinooɗo golle tiiɗɗe ɗe njuɓɓudi laamu Àjẹ́-alɗundi jokkondirndi. Dinamiik Yumma-ɓiɗɗo Àjẹ́ ina hollita kadi potal, sabu Yumma ina jogii kosam, yiɗde, e ndeenka wonande ɓiɓɓe mum fof, e ɓiɓɓe mum fof, ọmọ Onílẹ̀, ina ngolloo ngam semmbinde e teddinde Onílẹ̀, mo semmbini e teddinde aadee .[31]

Sabu jokkondire hakkunde pine ɗiɗi ɗee e nder duuɓi ujunnaaje—Onimole e Yoruba—won laypersons cikkatnoo ko Àjẹ́ ina yuɓɓinaa e nder laabi nannduɗi e pinal Yoruba, kono wonaa noon.[32] Alaa almuɓɓe walla almuɓɓe rewɓe Àj̣ẹ́, alaa "laamɓe" e "baabaaji" Àj̣ẹ́, kadi alaa njuɓɓudi kodde colour e nder Àjẹ́. Daartiyankooɓe pinal Yoruba en, Bade Ajuwon e Samuel M. Opeola, ina kollita wonde hade koloñaal Afrik, e njiyaagu e naafigaagal diine, alaa miijo ngo « daneejo », (funfun) « boɗeejo », (pupa) walla « ɓaleejo » gonɗo e nder njuɓɓudi laamu " (dudu) Àjẹ́. Washington ina yiytoo wonde miijo Àjẹ́ (color-coded Àjẹ́) ko yimɓe e juɓɓule mbaɗi ɗum, kuutorii ɗum ngam reende koye mum en e tooñanngeeji diineeji e politik njiyaagu.[33]

Àjẹ́ ina hiisee wonde dokkal taariindi, biyoloji, e ruuhuyankeewal, ngal hollirta ko keeriindi e nder kala jogiiɗo ɗum, ngal nanndaani e orí (daɗli), àṣẹ (laamu ruuhuyankeewo neɗɗo), e ìwà (woodgol, jikku). Waɗi noon, Àjẹ́ ina gollondira, e nder renndo, ngam janngude, jannginde, ƴellitde, yaajnude, e yuɓɓinde to bannge neɗɗo e to bannge renndo. Golle Àjẹ́ ko tiiɗtinooje nguurndam yimɓe renndo, semmbinde renndo ngoo fof. Ko kamɓe ngoni safrooɓe rewɓe, safrooɓe jibinannde, safrooɓe kuuɓtodinɓe, wasiyaaji, safrooɓe hakkillaaji, diineeji, fisik, hiisa, mahdi, annduɓe, navigateurs, e ndema renndooji mum en. Kono darnde nde ɓe ɓuri hulɓinaade ko ƴellitde nuunɗal. Ɗumɗoo ko dental (ẹgbẹ́) waɗata ɗum, tawi ina jeyaa heen terɗe Ògbóni, renndo ceniingo mawɓe Yoruba en jokkondirɓe no feewi e Àjẹ́, e Oṣó, worɓe doole ɓe mbaawi jogaade Àjẹ́ walla ɓe ngalaa. Oṣó ina siforee wonde "gorko Àjé."[34] Àjẹ́, Ògbóni, e Oṣó ina siforee wonde "sehilaaɓe e yahrude yeeso",[34] e golle maɓɓe gooto gooto e dental fof ko Ẹdan, Orisa nuunɗal, toppitii ɗum. mo gite mum meeɗaa uddude, hono noon, ina seedtoo kala ko ina wona, e Onílẹ̀, Joom Leydi/Yumma Leydi, ganndiraaɗo kadi Ayé. Ko Àjẹ́ anndiraa kadi Ayé, Leydi, ina teeŋtina sifaa mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa jokkondiral Yummaɓe hakkunde tagofeere e leydi. Sabu tiiɗnaare golle Ẹgbẹ́ Àjẹ́ 's, sirlu e deeƴre nde reennata Ẹgbẹ́, e ƴeewndorɗe e balansuuji kulɓiniiɗi baɗooji njuɓɓudi nuunɗal laaɓtundi, daartoowo e naalanke Yoruba ɓurɗo siftorde in Adebayo Faleti " aduna o.[35]

Àjẹ́ waawaa soodeede, yeeyeede, soodeede. Ko noon kadi, Ẹgbẹ́ Àjẹ́, fedde nde alaa ɗo haaɗi, jogiinde golle luggiɗe ɗe miijaaka, jaaynataako, ɗaɓɓataa, ƴettataa, yeeynataako : ko renndo sirlu e senngo. Nde siforii ko nde yiyataa e sahaa gooto, nde woni e kala nokku.[36] E nder Ìgbàgbọ́ àti Ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá, C. L. Adeoye hollitii wonde terɗe Ẹgbẹ́ ina ƴetta golle mum en no feewi haa kamɓe fof ɓe njokki e ndeeɗoo diktat: "Nde gite njiya / Noppi ina nana / Hunduko ina deƴƴa."[7]. ]

Sifaaaji ɓeydaaɗi

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Hono no Laamɓe Yumma e nder pine goɗɗe nii, ina njogii golle tati, ko wayi no tagoore, jogaade, e halkude nguurndam. E nder daartol, darnde ummitinde maayɓe ngam anndude sabaabu maayde nde ɗum woni ko haalaa, ko kamɓe ndokkaa.[38][39][40]

Sabu jokkondiral mum en e Yumma Leydi, Iyami Aje ina nganndiraa kadi huutoraade geɗe tago ko wayi no leɗɗe e daabaaji ngam sellinde e semmbinde. Denndaangal colli haa teeŋti e ƴiye, ƴiye, e ƴiye (haa teeŋti e ƴiye Afrik) ina njokkondiri e Iyami.[41][42][43]

Miijooji renndo

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So tawii Aje ɓuri jokkondirde e rewɓe e laamɓe rewɓe, feeñninde Opeola wonde "kala Òrìṣà ƴeewaaɗo [hono huunde himmunde] e nder tagoore, jibinannde walla reende wuro ina jogii kadi doole Àjé" ina laaɓti wonde ko huunde himmunde wonande won e worɓe - diine e leydi - jogaade Aje.[44] Ndeke, Washington e Opeola ina kawri wonde "ngam ƴettude won e golle e timminde won e darnde, won e worɓe ina poti jogaade Àjẹ́.[45] Nafoore e keewal Aje e nder winndere Yoruba ko nii, ko noon konngol Yoruba ngol heewi teskaade, "Aɗa jogii Aje; Miɗo jogii Aje; Enen fof eɗen njogii Aje e nder pooɗe men." Ngolɗoo jaɓgol ndonu renndo doole ceertuɗe e keeriiɗo no kala jogiiɗo ɗum nii, ko ɗum addani Olatubosun Oladapo, yimoowo e jimoowo Yoruba lolluɗo, ganndiraaɗo Odídẹrẹó.́Ayékò ( parrot gris de Àjẹ́), ngam naamndaade heɗtiiɓe makko e nder gooto e aayeeji makko, "Emi Lo Ó Máa Fàjẹ́ẹ̀ Rẹ Ṣe? (Ko mbaɗata e Àjẹ́ maa?)."[46]

Ko ɓooyaani koo, e nder diaspora, nafoore pinal Yoruba e ɓeydagol fuɗɗoode e nder Ifa e Orisha addani yimɓe yaajɓe naamnaade so tawii neɗɗo ina waawi heɓde Àjẹ́ e golloowo yaajɗo walla alaa, kadi so tawii neɗɗo ina waawi fuɗɗoraade e nder Ẹgbẹ́ Àjẹ. Neɗɗo ina waawi hay yiyde yimɓe ina njuɓɓina ko ɓe mbiyata ko geɗe "Aje" (hono saabunde, nebam, leɗɗe, kaaƴe, e pottitte) e "fuɗɗoode" e nder Àjẹ́: ina teskaa ɗoo ƴeewtaade kuule Àjẹ́ cifaaɗe dow ɗee. Naamnal mbele e hol no fuɗɗoode e nder Iyami Aje waawirta waɗde, ina luulndii heewɓe, won heen ina mbiya wonde neɗɗo waawaa fuɗɗoraade, won heen ina mbiya wonde fuɗɗoode ina waawi waɗeede, won heen kadi ina mbiya wonde hay gooto waawaa suɓaade fuɗɗoraade no Iyami nii, ko Iyami tan ina waawi suɓaade mo ɓe puɗɗotoo hono Iyami. Teeŋtin’de ina waawi waɗeede e mbaawka suɓaade, tawa wonaa fuɗɗoode woodaani. Deftere nde, Iyanifa: Rewɓe Hakkille ina teskaa wonde luural e miijohay gooto waawaa fuɗɗoraade walla wiyde ko fuɗɗoraade tawa e sahaa gooto wiyde ko Iyami tan waawi fuɗɗoraade ina hollita fenaande haala kaa e hoore mum.[47] E nder deftere makko Doole ɗe njiyataa e aduna metafizik, Araba Yemi Elebuibon hollitii wonde fuɗɗoode ina waɗa. Won e golle puɗɗagol ina paamniree kadi e nder deftere binndol Ifa les odu Osa Meji ɗo Iyalode fuɗɗotoo rewɓe wuro ngoo.[48]

Ƴeew kadi

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Gẹlẹdẹ – Koolol Yoruba ngol hawrata ko e naalankaagal e jimɗi ngam weltinde e jannginde

Iyalawo – Tiitoonde diine Yoruba

Iya Nla – Alla e nder ganndal aduna Yoruba

Mami Wata – Ruuhu ndiyam Afrik

Olokun – Orisha nder diina Yoruba

Oshun – Orisha Yoruba

Oya – Ruuhu diina Yorùbá

Yemoja – Alla ndiyam mawɗo ummoraade e diine Yoruba

Tuugnorgal

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  1. Saggitorde ɗemngal Yoruba. Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Ibadan, Plc. 2008. 129, 157. Ɗemngal 978-9780307608.
  2. Wasinton, Teresa N. (2014). Architects gonndigal: Aje nder Yoruba Kosmoloji, Ontoloji, e Orature. Tornaado Oya. 58-59. ISBN 9780991073016.
  3. Lawal, Baabatunde (1996). Koolol Gelede ngol. Jaaynde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Washington. 30, 32. ISBN 0295975997.
  4. Wasinton, Teresa N. (2005). Yumma men, Doole men, Binndi men: Feññinaande Aje e nder binndol Afriknaajo. Jaaynde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Indiana. 4, 13. ISBN 0253217571.
  5. Drewal, Henri J e Margaret Tompson Drewal (1990). Gelede: Naalankaagal e Doole Debbo e nder Yoruba. Jaaynde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Indiana. p. 9. ISBN 0253325692.
  6. Wasinton, Teresa N. (2005). Yumma men, Doole men, Binndi men: Feññinaande Aje e nder binndol Afriknaajo. Jaaynde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Indiana. pp. 13-14. ISBN 0253217571.
  7. Wasinton, Teresa N. (2014). Architects gonndigal: Aje nder Yoruba Kosmoloji, Ontoloji, e Orature. Tornaado Oya. p. 6. ISBN 9780991073016.
  8. Lawal, Baabatunde (1996). Koolol Gelede: Naalankaagal, Jinnaaɗo, e Dental Renndo e nder Pinal Afrik. Jaaynde duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Washington. pp. 31-33. ISBN 0295975997.
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