Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
Opitaal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Pitié-Salpêtrière (e Farayse: Hôpital universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, IPA: [opital ynivɛʁsitɛːʁ də la pitje salphetʁijɛʁ]) ko opitaal moƴƴo e nder diiwaan 13ɓo Pari.[1] Ina jeyaa e ballal renndo – Hôpitaux de Pari e opitaal jannginoowo to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Sorbonne.
Tariya
Nate Opitaal ɗe Adam Pérelle waɗi hedde hitaande 1660 Salpêtrière ko adii fof ko usine barmeeji (saltpetre ko huunde e barmeeji), kono e hitaande 1656 e yamiroore Luwis XIV, nde waylaa wonti nokku ɗo rewɓe miskineeɓe Pari ngoni ɗoo, e nder Opitaal mawɗo Pari. Ndeeɗoo hospice mawnde wonnoo ko rewɓe janngooɓe ɓe ngalaa caɗeele, ɓe ngalaa hakkillaaji, walla ɓe ngalaa epilepsi, kam e miskineeɓe. E hitaande 1657 nde naatnaa e hospice Pitié baɗaaɗo ngam sukaaɓe ñaawooɓe e sukaaɓe waasɓe. Leppi ngam hospice e comci militeer en ko sukaaɓe ɓee peewnirta ɗoon. Hakkunde 1663 e 1673, 240 e nder rewɓe wonɓe e hoɗorde Pitié-Salpêtrière neldaama ngam hoɗnude leyɗeele Amerik e wallitde mahngo Farayse keso. Ɓe ngoni ko e limoore 768 sukaaɓe rewɓe ɓe keɓtinaa e nder duuɓi sappo ngam anndireede "Ɓiɓɓe rewɓe laamɗo". Salpêtrière ina yiɗaa no feewi sabu mahngo Libéral Bruant e ballal Louis Le Vau. Waylude maggal timmi ko e hitaande 1669. E hitaande 1684, kasoo rewɓe ɓeydaa e nokku hee, tawi ina waɗi 300 debbo jom suudu ñaawaaɗo. Nde rokki yimɓe mayre ngonkaaji nguurndam mettuɗi.[2]
Ñalnde 14 lewru nduu, Hospice Pitié-Salpêtrière wontii hospice ɓurɗo mawnude e winndere ndee, ina joginoo 10 000 « ñawɗo » e ko ina ɓura 300 kasoo. Haa e Rewolison Farayse, Salpêtrière alaa golle safaara : ñawɓe ina neldee to safrirde Hôtel-Dieu.
E nder warngooji lewru settaambar 1792, Salpêtrière yani e jamma 3/4 settaambar, tawi ko yimɓe ummoriiɓe e diiwaan Faubourg Saint-Marcel, mo alaa ko woni e mum so wonaa gollotooɓe, tawi ina njiɗi yoɓde nanngaaɓe ɓee : 134 e nder jom en jawɗeele en ɓe njaltinaama; rewɓe capanɗe joyi majjuɓe ina pamɗi, ɓe ndartinaa, won heen ina ngondi e caɗeele haa jooni, ɓe naati e laabi, ɓe mbaraa.[3]
Litogaraafi 1857 mo Armand Gautier waɗi, holliroowo yimɓe ŋakkere hakkille, ŋakkere ƴiiƴam, ŋakkere ƴiiƴam, ŋakkere ƴiiƴam, ŋakkere ƴiiƴam, ŋakkere ƴiiƴam, ŋakkere ƴiiƴam e ŋakkere ƴiiƴam e nder gese Hospice de la Salpêtrière
Kapitel suudu safrirdu Pitiye-Salpetrière E joofnirde teeminannde 18ɓiire, ko Philippe Pinel (1745–1826), sehil Ansiklopediste en, fuɗɗii ɗoo peeje neɗɗaŋkeeje gadane e nder safrude ñawɓe hakkillaaji. Natal maantiniingal Pinel hono rimɗinoowo hakkillaaji, ko Tony Robert-Fleury tagi ɗum e hitaande 1876 e monimaaji Pinel gonɗi e mbaydi mbaylaandi ina darii yeeso damal mawngal to nokku biyeteeɗo Marie-Curie, to laawol L’Hôpital. Pinel wonnoo ko mawɗo cafroowo Salpêtrière e hitaande 1794, gardinooɗo safrirde 200 leeso[4] ɗo feccere tokosere e nder yimɓe rewɓe waasɓe heewɓe. Lomtii mo ko balloowo makko biyeteeɗo Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol (1772–1840) mo, tuggi 1817, waɗi yeewtere adannde e nder Farayse, ko kanko woni mawɗo mahngo sariyaaji lunacy ñalnde 30 suwee 1838. Esquirol rewi heen ko Étien Pariset ; e tuggi 1831 haa 1867 ko Jean-Pierre Falret (1794–1870) gardinooɗo ñawu nguu, ballitooɗo no feewi e faamde men ñawu nguu e ñawu nguu.
Yillotoowo Salpêtrière keewɗo gila 1842 haa o sankii ko ɓuri duuɓi capanɗe tati caggal ɗuum ko Giloom-Benjamin Duchenne de Bulogne (1806-1875). Gila e iwdiiji diiwaanuuji lesɗi, doggol juutngol yahooɓe maayo ummoriiɓe Boulogne, Duchenne wonti gooto e annduɓe safaara ɓurɓe teeŋtude e teeminannde sappo e jeenaɓiire. Hay so tawii o meeɗaa waɗde toɗɗagol mawngol e nder safrirde ndee, Duchenne waɗii heen ƴeewndo laaɓtungo e ñawɓe neurobiyoloji, o huutoriima karallaagal kesal keeringal ngam anndude ñawu nguu. Ganndal Duchenne kilinik ina darii e jokkondire karallaagal hakkunde kuuraa, fotooje e ganndal hakkille, hono no winndiraa e deftere makko De l’électrisation localisée, nde o yiɗnoo no feewi, e atlas mum jokkondirɗo e Album de photographies pathologiques (1855, 1862). Innde makko ina siftoree e miijooji ɗi o sifotoo ɗii, kam e deftere makko mawnde e hitaande 1862, wiyeteende Mécanisme de la physionomie humaine, nde Charles Darwin yeewtidi no feewi e peewnugol deftere makko wiyeteende “Expression des émotions dans l’homme et des animaux” (1872).[5]. ] Golle Duchenne mawɗe cakkitiiɗe (jaltuɗe e hitaande 1867) ko wiɗto dille daabaaji. O meeɗaa suɓeede e Akademi gannde.
Caggal ɗuum, nde Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) ƴetti departemaa oo, Salpêtrière wonti nokku jannginirɗo neuropsychiatrie, mo André Brouillet holliri e dow canvas e hitaande 1887, e nder deftere nde André Brouillet winndi. E nder yeewtereeji makko e seppooji makko, leçons du mardi, Charcot yuɓɓini ƴeewndo neurobiyoloji, waɗii ko heewi ngam kartal leydi neurobiyoloji kilinik hannde oo, e nder yarlitaare mum, explo